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Open Access Article
1 - Investigation of forest land use degradation due to dam construction using satellite images processing
mandana azizi Mohammad panahandehIdentify land uses and land use changes to investigate and monitor sensitive areas is essential for sustainable land planning and management. The main objective of this study is to investigate the land use changes caused by the construction of Shafarood Dam in the Hyrca MoreIdentify land uses and land use changes to investigate and monitor sensitive areas is essential for sustainable land planning and management. The main objective of this study is to investigate the land use changes caused by the construction of Shafarood Dam in the Hyrcanian forests in the north of Iran during a 17-year period using Landsat satellite imagery. To do this, three satellite imagery of the years 2000, 2013 and 2017 were used, and the corrections (geometric and atmospheric) were applied on the images and the map of the land use for each section in the region was prepared using the classification method of the maximum likelihood that the produced map have Kappa coefficient more than 86% and usage accuracy of 0.83. After classification, the comparison method was used to monitor the land use changes. The results revealed that in every three years, the most land cover of Shafarood watershed belongs to the forest class and in the next rank belongs to the rangeland class. As a result, the continuous decline of the forest class accured from 63.05 percent to 57.27 and 57.22 percent in the first section for the years 2013 and 2017 respectively. The continuous increase of the rock class (8.15-9.10-10.45) and bare lands (3.5- 4.47-5.08%) confirms it in the study area. Environmental challenges of constructing the Shafaroud dam is another emphasis on the importance of conducting advanced and specialized studies based on ecological methodologies and also increasing the decision makers awareness of Hyrcanian forests complexity which has formed in a very long-time period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Determination of the Relationship between Water Turbidity (NTU) and Total Suspended solids (TSS) in drip irrigation
farhad mirzaei zeynab sojoodiSand filters are composed of sand-filled containers with determined granulation and specified thicknesses of pressurized sand layers that work under pressure and they are placed in the center control system after the cyclone and before the grid or disk filter. The aim o MoreSand filters are composed of sand-filled containers with determined granulation and specified thicknesses of pressurized sand layers that work under pressure and they are placed in the center control system after the cyclone and before the grid or disk filter. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between water turbidity and Total suspended solids (TSS). To determine the samples turbidity, they were tested using a spectrophotometer and the percentage of light passing was obtained through each sample separately. The test of determining total suspended solids was also performed. The results of this experiment showed that there is a quadratic equation between the percentage of light passing and total suspended solids, which is presented as the main equation from figure 3, that is more correlated with the data. As can be seen, at 450 nm, there is a higher correlation between the turbidity and the light transmittance and less error. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Investigation of birds' density and species diversity of Amir-Kelayeh international wetland during a 10-year period (2007-2016), based on winter census
Hadi Pourmosa shaykhAlikelayeh Saeid NaderiAmir-Kelayeh international wetland is as one of the important wintering habitats for birds. In present study, the density and diversity of bird species (waterbird, wader and terrestrial bird dependent to the wetland) has been studied in Amir-Kelayeh international wetlan MoreAmir-Kelayeh international wetland is as one of the important wintering habitats for birds. In present study, the density and diversity of bird species (waterbird, wader and terrestrial bird dependent to the wetland) has been studied in Amir-Kelayeh international wetland based on the semi-winter birds census data, over a 10-year statistical period. During this ten-year period, the total number of 334776 birds from 46 different birds species was recorded in this wetland. Among the studied years, the highest number of 72188 birds in 2008 and the lowest number of 1877 birds in 2015 have been counted. In terms of quality and food items, this wetland and it's around paddy fields is a good refuge for the Anatidae and Rallidae family that with 64.86 and 50.06 percent of frequency depending on their diet, have the most abundant among the identified family. The biodiversity indexes showed a relatively high amounts, but with a declining trend, and also the index of species evenness indicated a stable trend during this 10-year period in Amir-Kelayeh Wetland. Considering the decreasing trend of biodiversity indexes in Amir-Kelayeh wetland in recent years, increasing the wetland ecological conservation through the management plans such as habitat structure conservation, and illegal hunting and pollution control is recommended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Investigation of Gilan index dams' water quality using multivariate methods
Hanieh Mirbolooki Babak Razdar Matin MohafezatkarNowadays, the importance of water is known more than before as a life factor and the axis of sustainable development that to protect and manage it, it needs to be controlled using laboratory tests and various water quality indexes. The purpose of this study was to inves MoreNowadays, the importance of water is known more than before as a life factor and the axis of sustainable development that to protect and manage it, it needs to be controlled using laboratory tests and various water quality indexes. The purpose of this study was to investigate water quality in diversion dams in Guilan province in which the dams have been ranked using Shannon and TOPSIS entropy methods. The dams included Pasikhan, Shakhzar, Polrud and Tarik and the measured indicators included Ec, pH, TDS, Temperature, SO4, HCO3, Cl, Ca, Mg, Na, TSS, DO, BOD5 and COD. Shannon entropy results showed that among the indicators, the highest index weight is related to TSS with the amount of 0.1973 and the lowest one is related to pH with the amount of zero. Topsis tests results showed that based on the weights derived from entropy and water quality indicators, Pasikhan dam is in the first rank, Polrud dam is in the second rank, Shakhzar dam is in the third rank and Tarik dam is in the last rank. So, according to multivariate selection methods, water quality in different dams with similar conditions can be investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Removal of petroleum from contaminated water by affordable adsorbents
Zahra ZamiraeiPetroleum pollution has an important impact on marine plants and animals, coral islands, fishing, beaches, human health and tourism industry. Therefore, it is important to recycle or prevent leakage and to remove them from contaminated water. There are various ways to r MorePetroleum pollution has an important impact on marine plants and animals, coral islands, fishing, beaches, human health and tourism industry. Therefore, it is important to recycle or prevent leakage and to remove them from contaminated water. There are various ways to remove and recycle oil; including physical, mechanical, biological and photochemical methods, filtration and the most widely used way is absorption methods. The choice of an economically suitable hydrophobic absorber should be easy to handle, not expensive, and not be classified as hazardous. The adsorbent material can be organic or inorganic. Organic materials usually include plants, animals, or other high-carbon compounds (such as food waste, rice husk, macroalgae, algae, creatine, etc.). It is also possible to use organic compounds produced in industries such as petroleum and fertilizer industries. Inorganic compounds used as adsorbents are usually substances such as: soil, clay, mud, zeolite, minerals, metal oxides and hydroxides. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Use of Plasma Cavitation Reactor in condensation of sanitary sewage treatment Plant at IKCO Company
Leili Masoumi ghaleh Ali Sayadi malakami Amir Emami Naeemeh Shirakbari Javad Modabber Majid Javadyan sarcheshmeIn order to condensing the sanitary sludge, two types of complementary centrifugal and screw press devices are usually used. In this paper, in order to increase the efficiency and maximum dewatering in the final stage of the treatment plant, plasma cavitation reactor wa MoreIn order to condensing the sanitary sludge, two types of complementary centrifugal and screw press devices are usually used. In this paper, in order to increase the efficiency and maximum dewatering in the final stage of the treatment plant, plasma cavitation reactor was used. The input sample of the studied system is the output sludge of the sanitary wastewater treatment plant process of IKCO after entering the digestion tank and staying for one hour. Using a plasma cavitation reactor by rectifier, a voltage of 50 volts and a current of 110 amps was applied to 5 iron electrodes in the cavitation reactor tank with a volume of 1 m3 and the sample was tested for 8 days and every day for 8 hours. Then, the effect of the presence of cavitation reactor on the percentage of dry matter is compared with the centrifuge and multi-disc screw press system when they used alone. Based on industrial and laboratory results, a decrease of more than 80% of wet sludge (conversion of 100 m3 of sludge to about 20 m3 daily) was observed daily. Also, the COD of the outlet water from the final cavitation tank was less than 200 mg/L, also, the amount of its turbidity reached below 50 NTU after passing through sand filters in the final stages which can be used for irrigation and agriculture. Using plasma cavitation reactor was effective in reducing settling time and the final volume of wet sludge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Designing an Integrated Management Model of Passive Environmental Defense for Drinking Water Supply in Rasht Metropolis
Seyed Abbas Asadi mozhgan zaeimdar Seyed Ali JoziProtecting the drinking water supply chain of metropolises is one of the important issues that all countries should always pay attention to, because any incident in this supply chain can cause irreparable damages. The purpose of this study is to design an integrated man MoreProtecting the drinking water supply chain of metropolises is one of the important issues that all countries should always pay attention to, because any incident in this supply chain can cause irreparable damages. The purpose of this study is to design an integrated management pattern of passive environmental defense in the field of drinking water supply. The current research is in the category of fundamental studies based on the purpose, and used integrated management of passive environmental defense to investigate the integrated management of passive environmental defense of supply sources, treatment plants, transmission lines and drinking water storage tanks in Rasht metropolis. Data collection was done through interviews with experts, and finally, 14 experts were selected among environmental management professors and water experts by snowball sampling method so that the views reach theoretical saturation. MAXQDA 2020 software was used for text analysis, coding (open, central and selective) and categorization and generation of categorical networks. Evaluating the views regarding solutions to reduce and deal with environmental threats in different stages of water supply in Rasht metropolis showed that the solutions can be considered from five aspects of infrastructure, policy making, cultural, technical and human. Finally, according to the data base theory and Strauss and Corbin’s model, the final model of the integrated management of passive environmental defense of drinking water supply in Rasht metropolis including causal conditions, main category, intervening conditions, background factors, strategies and consequences were presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Investigating the status of microbial contamination (intestinal enterococcus) of Caspian sea on the coastal recreational waters of Gilan
Aazam Nezamhashemi Ameneh Mansourghanaei Mohammad Vafajoye Diyanati Mousa Amini Toraj SadeghiMicrobial agents are among the most important pollutants that enter the Caspian Sea through untreated urban and rural sewage and cause health risks for swimmers. Intestinal enterococcus causes symptoms of stomach and intestinal inflammation.This research is a descriptiv MoreMicrobial agents are among the most important pollutants that enter the Caspian Sea through untreated urban and rural sewage and cause health risks for swimmers. Intestinal enterococcus causes symptoms of stomach and intestinal inflammation.This research is a descriptive study and was conducted with the aim of investigating the contamination status of enterococcal enterococci in the water of the Caspian Sea coastal recreational waterson the coasts of Gilan province and comparing it with the standards of the environment and the Ministry of Health. 55 samples (each swimming pool, 5 replicates) were sampled from 11 coastal areas of the Caspian Sea in Gilan province in September 1401. Intestinal enterococcus variables, water temperature, pH, salinity and turbidity were measured according to the methods in the standard method book. The results showed that the average number of intestinal enterococcal bacteria per 100 ml of sample showed 52.54 MPN. Comparison of the average number of intestinal streptococci in different stations with the standard of the environment and the Ministry of Health showed that 5 stations (Safir Omid, Sadaf, Gisom, Tashe Abad and Chamkhale) were above the permissible limit. Also, there was a negative correlation between the number of intestinal streptococci and water pH (P<0.05). As a result of this research, it indicates the microbial contamination with intestinal enterococcus in some natural coastal recreational waters on the shores of the Caspian Sea in Gilan province, which can threaten the health of swimmers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Patterns of Water Quality Changes, Invasive Aquatic Plant Identification and Environmentally Friendly Control Solutions in Drinking Water Dams of Mazandaran Province
Pooyan MehrabanJoubani hadi Modabberi Seid Mohammad MosaviThis study was investigated the patterns of water quality changes and the identification of invasive aquatic plant species in drinking water dams located in Mazandaran province, including Alborz, Shahid Rajaei and Meijran Dams. The best conditions of dissolved oxygen i MoreThis study was investigated the patterns of water quality changes and the identification of invasive aquatic plant species in drinking water dams located in Mazandaran province, including Alborz, Shahid Rajaei and Meijran Dams. The best conditions of dissolved oxygen in Alborz, Shahid Rajaei and Meijran dams were around 10, 10 and 16 mg/L in April, respectively. Due to the thermal stratification created in August and September, the content of dissolved oxygen in all dams at a depth of 7 to 10 meters reached zero. Based on Carlson's index, these dams were eutrophic during these months. The highest amount of phosphate measured in July, August and September was observed in Meijran Dam. However, biological pollution of Alborz and Shahid Rajaei dams were higher than Meijran dam, the biological and chemical oxygen demand of Alborz and Shahid Rajaei dams were about 2 and 2.5 times higher than Meijran dam, respectively. Also, the amount of faecal coliform in Alborz dams was about 2 time compared Meijran dam. Despite the decrease in the amount of total coliform in three dams in September, the amount of faecal coliform in Alborz dam was about 3 times other dams. Two plants, hydrilla and Potamogeton, were observed as the invasive plants in Meijran dam, which seems that cormorant bird are the cause of invasive plants entering the dam. Manuscript profile
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